But knowing any of those entails that the known proposition is true. If there were a God, however, evidence sufficient to form a reasonable belief in his existence would be available. Their disagreement may not be so much about the evidence, or even about God, but about the legitimate roles that evidence, reason, and faith should play in human belief structures. Martin, Michael and Ricki Monnier, eds. The question of whether or not there is a God sprawls onto related issues and positions about biology, physics, metaphysics, explanation, philosophy of science, ethics, philosophy of language, and epistemology. Heavily influenced by positivism from the early 20, An influential exchange between Smart (atheist) and Haldane (theist), Smith, Quentin, 1993. Wierenga offers an important, thorough, and recent attempt to work out the details of the various properties of God and their compatibilities. Indexical problems with omniscience and a Cantorian problem render it impossible too. And if he is omniscient, then surely he would know how to reveal himself. The atheism by default position contrasts with a more permissive attitude that is sometimes taken regarding religious belief. Craig and Smith have an exchange on the cosmological evidence in favor of theism, for atheism, and Hawkings quantum cosmology. Martin (1990) offers this general principle to describe the criteria that render the belief, X does not exist justified: A person is justified in believing that X does not exist if, (1) all the available evidence used to support the view that X exists is shown to be inadequate; and, (2) X is the sort of entity that, if X exists, then there is a presumption that would be evidence adequate to support the view that X exists; and, (3) this presumption has not been defeated although serious efforts have been made to do so; and, (4) the area where evidence would appear, if there were any, has been comprehensively examined; and, (5) there are no acceptable beneficial reasons to believe that X exists. At the very least, atheists have argued, the ruins of so many supernatural explanations that have been found wanting in the history of science has created an enormous burden of proof that must be met before any claim about the existence of another worldly spiritual being can have credence. Many of the major works in philosophical atheism that address the full range of recent arguments for Gods existence (Gale 1991, Mackie 1982, Martin 1990, Sobel 2004, Everitt 2004, and Weisberger 1999) can be seen as providing evidence to satisfy the first, fourth and fifth conditions.