One of the Confederate divisions in A.P. Five Ellet-class rams were converted from civilian towboats at Pittsburgh. A small number of Pennsylvanians joined the ranks of the Confederacy, including such leaders Generals John C. Pemberton and Josiah Gorgas. Erik J. Engstrom; Samuel Kernell (27 October 2014). The largest cavalry battle of the Civil War, it also marks the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign. On July 3, Lee ordered an attack by fewer than 15,000 troops on the enemys center at Cemetery Ridge. Army. Stuart, whose bone-tired brigades had arrived the previous evening, was driven back by three Federal cavalry brigades when he tried to envelop Meades strategic north flank. Union fleet under S. F. Du Pont capture Confederate forts at Hilton Head, South Carolina. It is generally regarded as the turning point of the war and has probably been more intensively studied and analyzed than any other battle in U.S. history. Union forces defeat the 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers. Longstreet defeats small Union force to arrive at Manassas battlefield. While Warrens action secured the main battle position, the Federal III Corps was driven from Sickless salient with crippling losses. Cambridge University Press. Hill, Gen. James Longstreet, and Gen. Richard S. Ewell. Hood attacks Schofield but suffers crushing losses; Kilpatrick stops Wheeler from attacking Sherman. Smaller facilities produced steel swords, rifles, pistols, tools, camp implements, tents, and other items used by the Federal armies, making Pennsylvania one of the most important sources of government supplies during the war.[15]. Union forces under General Pope capture a newly recruited Missouri State Guard regiment. Part of Vicksburg Campaign, fight for control of mouth of Arkansas River. [21], By late 1864, the majority of Pennsylvania voters had rallied around the president and supported his incumbency in the Presidential Election, giving Lincoln 296,292 votes or 51.6% of the ballots cast versus Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's 277,443 votes (48.4%).[22]. Apache Wars: Union soldiers fight with Apache warriors. Nearly 80% of all the iron for the government came from Pennsylvania foundries, as well as significant quantities of flour, meat, foodstuffs, textiles, and uniforms. Union forces capture Confederate earthworks. Confederates win but can't continue raid. About 4:00 pm Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock arrived to examine the situation for Meade and decide whether to drop back to previously prepared positions along Pipe Creek, some 15 miles (24 km) southeast.