It turned out to be particularly difficult to maintain close ties with Russia without encouraging St. Petersburg to wage a policy of expansion on the Balkans. It was through the League of the Three Emperors (Germany, Austria and Russia) established in 1873 that Bismarck intended to prevent tensions in the Balkans from getting out of hand - although he well knew that . The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History - Gary W. Gallagher 2000-11-22 A "well-reasoned and timely" (Booklist) essay collection interrogates the Lost Cause myth in Civil War . The Dual Alliance (German: Zweibund, Hungarian: Ketts Szvetsg) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879, as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. 22 He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth. Gyula Andrssy (1860-1929), Bismarcks opponent, refused to have the treaty ratified by parliaments, and it would be kept secret until 1889, when Bismarck published it to deter Russia at the height of the Dual Crisis. Since the Great War would be shaped by coalitions, making it perniciously hard to overcome adversaries who were able to use a pool of combined resources in order to counter setbacks, the alliances would provide the belligerent powers of 1914 with the most crucial asset of all: partners in coalition warfare. Kulturkampf, (German: "culture struggle"), the bitter struggle (c. 1871-87) on the part of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to subject the Roman Catholic church to state controls. The consolidation of the French monarch's control over all of France. 246-288. I mean as the Bismarck was intended to be used as a surface raider destroying convoys. 369-519. [21] Nevertheless, the Triple Entente was an element of European politics to be reckoned with. France supported armaments and the construction of strategic railways in Russia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1520/the-hundred-years-war-consequences--effects/. They could even be used to frame policies of dtente.