Deprived of political rights under the Ancien Rgime, the 1791 Constitution classed them as "passive" citizens, leading to demands for social and political equality for women and an end to male domination. [171], Brissot and his supporters envisaged an eventual abolition of slavery but their immediate concern was securing trade and the support of merchants for the revolutionary wars. [96] The next few months were taken up with the trial of Citoyen Louis Capet, formerly Louis XVI. These women continued to adhere to traditional practices such as Christian burials and naming their children after saints in spite of revolutionary decrees to the contrary. It stimulated the demand for further reform throughout Ireland, especially in Ulster. George Washington and his unanimous cabinet, including Jefferson, decided that the treaty did not bind the United States to enter the war. [269][270] These writers were associated with "history from below" as opposed to traditional "history from above" which emphasised conflicts between the monarchy, the nobles, revolutionary political leaders and foreign powers. These included exclusion of poorer citizens from the National Guard, limits on use of petitions and posters, and the June 1791 Le Chapelier Law suppressing trade guilds and any form of worker organisation. When Robespierre attempted to speak, his voice failed, one deputy crying "The blood of Danton chokes him! However, the two entered negotiations over the Louisiana Territory and agreed to the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, an acquisition that substantially increased the size of the United States. Nominated to the Directory, his first action was removing Barras, using a coalition that included Talleyrand and former Jacobin Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother and president of the Council of 500. On 30 September, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, and the Legislative Assembly convened the next day. [173], In June, the commissioners in Saint-Domingue freed 10,000 slaves fighting for the republic. [262], Rud and Doyle identify Jules Michelet with the democratic republican interpretation of the revolution, and Thiers, Mignet and Tocqueville with the liberal strand. It was celebrated on the left as the people's avenger, for example in the revolutionary song La guillotine permanente,[187] and cursed as the symbol of the Terror by the right. To this end, symbols were borrowed from historic cultures and redefined, while those of the old regime were either destroyed or reattributed acceptable characteristics. The election results were cancelled, sixty-three leading royalists deported to French Guiana and new laws passed against migrs, Royalists and ultra-Jacobins. 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