Weapons and tactics that are of a nature to cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury are prohibited. [citation needed], By the same token, combatants that intentionally use protected people or property as human shields or camouflage are guilty of violations of the laws of war and are responsible for damage to those that should be protected. What are the four basic principles of law of armed conflict? International humanitarian law (IHL) is a branch of public international law that regulates the conduct of armed conflict. Article 4(a)(2) of the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War provides that Lawful Combatants are required. The 1815 Congress of Vienna marked the formal recognition of the political and international legal system based on the conditions of Europe. That is, a commander can be held liable in a court of law for the improper actions of their subordinates. [162] The Geneva Conventions of 1949, the Additional Protocols of 1977 and the 1984 UN Convention against Torture mandated that the national courts of the contracting countries must prosecute these offenses where the perpetrator is on their territory or extradite them to any other interested state. When this happens, and if enough states (or enough powerful states) continually ignore a particular aspect of international law, the norm may actually change according to concepts of customary international law. Accession refers to a state choosing to become party to a treaty that it is unable to sign, such as when establishing a regional body. 8 Which is not one of the three categories of Law of war? The Joint Staff Law of War Pretest Answers includes questions on the following topics: Each topic is covered in detail, with explanations of the relevant laws and case studies to illustrate how they are applied in practice. International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. 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